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Environmental factors (unit) Value Temperature (ºC) 20-24* Relative humidity (%) 55 ± 10 Ventilation (air changes/hour) 10 - 20 Light- darkness (hours) 12-14 / 12-10 Minimum floor surface cage 330 Minimum floor surface cage/ animal (cm²) 60 (0-20 g) 70 (20-25 g) 80 (25-30 g) 100 (> 30 g) Breeding animal with pups (cm²) 330 Minimum cage height (cm) 12 Maximum light intensity (measured at cage/animal level,  lux) 60
* A higher temperature is required for newborns, animals that are ill or have undergone surgery and specific genetically altered strains (data modified from source: Van Zutphen, L.F.M., Baumans, V. and Beynen, A.C., Principles of Laboratory Animal Science, second edition, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 2001).
General Physiological parameters (unit) Value Adult weight (g) 20-40 (male) 25-40 (female) Lifespan (years) 1-2 Heart rate resting (per min) 300-800 Respiration rate resting (per min) 100-200 Body temperature (ºC) 36.5- 38.0 Number of chromosomes (2n) 40 Body surface (cm²) 36 (20 g) 130 (50 g) 260 (125 g) Water intake (ml/100 g/day) 15 Sexual maturity (weeks) 5 (male and female) Breeding age (weeks) 8-10 (male and female) Estrous cycle (days) 4 (2-9) Duration estrous (hours) 14 Gestation (days) 19 (18-21) Litter size 6-12 Birth weight (g) 0.5- 1.5 Weaning weight (g) and weaning age (days) 10 and 21-28
Blood values (unit) Value Blood volume (ml/kg) 76-80 hemoglobin (g/100ml)10-17 hematocrit (vol %)39-49 Leukocytes (Ă—1000/mmÂł) 5-12 Glucose (mg/100ml) 124-262